Optimal allocation of multiple DGS in RDS using PSO and its impact on system reliability

This article presents the distributed generator (DG) integration in a radial distribution system (RDS). The DG penetration changes single power source to multiple sources and bidirectional load flow which enhances reliability reduces losses. particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm are implemented for optimal siting sizing of one three units RDS examine its impact on loss reduction. types DGs considered Type I (injects real power) IV reactive power). constant is chosen model. indices taken analysis Average Energy Not Supplied, Total Supplied System Interruption Duration Index. efficacy proposed method validated 33-bus presence DGs. significant decrease losses with upgraded bus voltage profile, remarkable annual saving analyzed over DG. results determined compared other meta-heuristic approaches as well analytical techniques demonstrate superiority methodology. also statistically verified.